Madison (1), 236 slaves. ). There wasn't anywhere on the known planet that didn't benefit from the forced labor of our ancestors, including the north. Halliburton Jr., R. "Free Black Owners of Slaves: A Reappraisal of the Woodson Thesis." This country was built on the backs of our ancestors. smh None alive have been Legal slaves in America. I guess you figured you should just throw out every assertion, no matter how idiotic, you could think of and see what sticks. 1 . Had SC paid the 42% tariff Lincoln actually wanted instead of the 10% SC was willing to pay, they might have still remained slaves as well. Washington is the victim of one of a great misconceptions of all times first is they were not his slaves to start with(he got control of them when he married Martha)but after he was president he took advantage of va law to free them the law said if you did not register your slaves in jan the next year they would be free Washington did not sign up his slaves problem was no free black was allowed to live in va but because some of the people on mt Vernon had family on other plantations-he did allow the free people to remain on his land and paid them out of the profits maid from his whisky business (no one had the nerve to go on his land and evict the blacks living there). That year, the mean wealth of southern white men was $3,978 (4). "According to the US census in 1790, the (Van) Nostrands owned 6 people." . American slave owners or slaveholders were owners of slaves in the United States which typically worked either as agriculture laborers or house servants. Please do some very easy research before you post, Washington owned about 125 slaves total. African-, Afro-Americans throughout the Americas / Black History - Master Project, Black Washingtons of Pope's Creek Plantation, Virginia, Somerset Place Plantation, North Carolina, 9 of the Biggest Slave Owners in American History, Standing in Way of Alabama Walmart: Slave Graves. "The so-called "Emancipation Proclamation" of Lincoln only gave freedom to slaves in the SOUTH! An accomplice to escape by a freedom seeker. If South Carolina had not shot the FIRST shot and all the Sothern States had not REFUSED to fund Lincolns Federal Government, Both North and South would have kept black people as slaves. No telling the number of slaves they killed prior to and in between census counts. No top-rated suggestions yet, scroll down for more ideas! As such, terms discussing slavery and freedom from the period tend to reflect how the dominant society viewed African Americans and their efforts toward freedom. John Robinson of Madison, Mississippi: 550 slaves. William Ellison was a very wealthy black plantation owner and cotton gin manufacturerwholivedin South Carolina (not North Carolina). Charles Heyward of Colleton, South Carolina: 491 slaves. Indexed data and browse are available for the following: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland . Russell, John Henderson. The "do well" would be to set them free and pay a wage for the work they performed. Black Masters: A Free Family of Color in the Old South, Michael P. Johnson and James L. Roak New York: Norton, 1984), p.64. This term is often used to refer to either individual or group freedom. U.S. Grant also had several slaves, who were only freed after the 13th amendment in December of 1865. They missed the biggest of them allGeorge Washington! we all know about the big corporations, in the north, especially, that profited from slavery. [9], Irish singer Sinad O'Connor stated in 2017 that she had changed her legal name to Magda Davitt, saying in an interview that she wished to be "free of the patriarchal slave names. Below you'll find name ideas for slave owners with different categories depending on your needs. Gates Jr., Henry Louis. Please click here for more information. to affirm that he or she had been named by a European or a slave owner: Given that many Angolans had baptismal names, it can also be difficult to differentiate Angolan names that were given by parents in Africa from slave names given by masters in America or from new naming patterns arising out of acculturation. The South freed all their slaves upon the Emancipation Proclamation. Elisha Worthington of Chicot, Arkansas: 529 slaves. "John van Nostrand was a slave owner," it said. (Creeks, Choctaws, and Chickasaws, she said, held around 3,500 slaves, across the three nations, as the 19thcentury began.) Another Black slave magnate in Louisiana, with over 100 slaves, was Antoine Dubuclet, a sugar planter whose estate was valued at (in 1860 dollars) $264,000 (3). Marie-Therese was a wealthy woman. From theOxford Companion to American Law (2002): Under these early codes, slaves had virtually no legal rights IN most areas they could be executed for crimes that were not capital offenses for whites. Well, well well. True. Here are some of the most common Black last names in the United States: Smith John J. Middleton of Beaufort, South Carolina: 530 slaves. Existing slave ship manifests for the Atlantic slave trade record numbers, gender, approximate age of slaves, and occasionally "nation" (tribal identity).Slave names are only registered after . Julius Caesar Chappelle was born into slavery in South Carolina before going on to serve in the MA state legislature. To the right of those names was another category: "slaves Sugar. A person opposed to slavery. Maybe if people got a true education, they would not be so ignorant. An individual's name change often coincides with a religious conversion (Muhammad Ali changed his name from Cassius Clay, Malcolm X from Malcolm Little, and Louis Farrakhan changed his from Louis Eugene Walcott, for example)[4][5] or involvement with the black nationalist movement, in this later case usually adopting names of African origin (e.g., Amiri Baraka and Assata Shakur).[6]. They stopped Black individuals and demanded identification to demonstrate that Black individuals were not freedom seekers. Sugar. No common suggestions yet, scroll down for more ideas. No rhyming suggestions yet, scroll down for more ideas. Jerrett Brown of Sumter, Alabama: 540 slaves. The historians of Sumter District reported that from time to time Ellison advertised for the return of his runaways. 9, no. How about start issuing free 1 way out of the Free USA, where everyone is Free, to a country closest their actual blood line. They often served as a clearinghouse for information regarding safe routes and nearby pursuit of freedom seekers and coordinated with conductors and other stationmasters to provide safe passage for freedom seekers upon departure from that station. ", "You are still called by your slave-masters' names. Please note that this site uses cookies to personalise content and adverts, to provide social media features, and to analyse web traffic. The fact that man corporations were as criminally culpable as they doesn't change that. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 1997. Their families are still living well. The last U.S.census slave schedules were enumerated by County in 1860 and included 393,975 named persons holding 3,950,546 unnamed slaves, or an average of about ten slaves per holder. You may also find the names of slave owners in other news, or even in runaway slave advertisements. The selection of particular words by an individual or by consensus within an organization may also serve ideological or political purposes. Manifests - Alphabetical by Slave Names Return to Slave Manifests main page Click on each Slave name to view information on that voyage. Good points Mitchell. Its just sum info.this is why we wont get ahead we always have to ,ake a dilemna out of something DAMN still WILLY LENCH SYNDROME. A slave who was freed might keep his or her slave name and adopt the former owner's name as a praenomen and nomen. Davis, J.B. "Slavery in the Cherokee Nation." Spell check your sentence then you will truly understand why we can't get ahead. The terms slave master and slave owner refer to those individuals who enslaved others when slavery was part of American culture. Both the North and the South wanted to keep their slaves. Slave registers, 1813-1834. Rodriguez, Junius P. The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery. Delaware elected two senators, Willard Saulsbury Sr. and George Read Riddle, who were both among the dwindling number of enslavers in the state in 1860. Using the word master or owner can limit understanding of enslaved people to property. 4 March 2013. For others, it's an excuseto deflect the shared blame for the institution of slavery in America away from white people. John Singleton Many black slaves remained with and loyal to their southern former slave owners too! Before the end of the seventeenth century, England, France, Denmark, Holland, and Portugal had all established slave trading posts on the west African coast. Then trace your ancestors back to the 1870 census, the first census after emancipation. Approximately 13.7 per cent of the total black population was free. Slaves in SC outnumbered citizens at one point in history! Oregon pioneer, judge and legislator Nathaniel Ford is possibly the state's most famous slave owner. Others object to the criminal sound of the term, feeling that it unfairly maligns those seeking freedom through escape, or argue that it legitimizes the perspective of the society that upheld the legality of slavery. Slaves freed in America before the 14th Amendment of the Constitution. Thus, apologists claimed, the slave trade actually saved lives. These terms reflect how slave-holding society viewed African American efforts toward freedom and ultimately and take away their individual agency. It seems to me you have internalized self-hate and attribute negative behavior to being Black. Welcome to Geni, home of the world's largest family tree. Psuedo glorification of slavers ABS, really? Today, the terms master or owner can continue to suggest a naturalness to the system while also distancing us from the fact that enslavers actively enslaved other human beings who were entitled to the same natural rights as themselves. You can't change the facts or history. He thought by freeing the slaves the south would have no labor to fund their secession war or own people. He wanted to destroy the south. 38), Philip D. Morgan, "Interracial Sex in the Chesapeake", "David Levy Yulee: Conflict and Continuity in Social Memory", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_slave_owners&oldid=1141811881, This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 23:05. Inside the Corps . Lori G Ashley Wow, your attempt to justify or minimize white Europeans involvement with slavery in America is pitiful. America freeing them and NOT sending them back to Africa like Lincoln ACTUALLY wanted to do is actually a blessing too! Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. David Emery is a Portland-based writer and editor with 25 years of experience fact-checking rumors, hoaxes, and contemporary legends. Many labels for escaping African Americans were constructs of enslaving society or by paternalistic abolitionists. Such laws show the growing resistance to slavery in the North. ISBN 0-874-36885-5. Someone mentioned that we were captured partly because we already had agriculture skills in Africalittle known fact here in America. Index by slave owner's name | C. Index to "Descriptive Recruitment Lists of Volunteers for the United States Colored Troops for the State of Missouri, 1863-1865" (NARA Microfilm Publication M1894 - 6 rolls) For more information about the records covered in this index, please contact the History and Genealogy Department. No common suggestions yet, scroll down for more ideas! These settlements often actively assisted other freedom seekers. 1-86-NARA-NARA or 1-866-272-6272, Finding Aids for the National Archives at Atlanta, National Archives Catalog (National Archives Identifier 2767350). The term fugitive is linked to the various Fugitive Slave Laws (1793, 1850) passed by the U.S. Congress, and emphasizes that the fugitive was acting criminally to escape from bondage. here is history. Ed Eller .My guess is every single one has black descendants today..using their surnames.and white descendants acting like they don't know. We'll address each one in turn below: The first legal slave owner in American history was a black tobacco farmer named Anthony Johnson. For the general purposes of this website, the term refers to one of the tens of millions of kidnapped Africans transported to the Americas and their descendants held in bondage through the American Civil War. Waving the Black Panther flag as they burned the USA flag on the 22nd of June 2015 down town Charleston. For the general purposes of this website, the term refers to one of the tens of millions of kidnapped Africans transported to the Americas and their descendants held in bondage through the American Civil War. According to Wikipedia: The following is a list of slave owners, for which there is a consensus of historical evidence of slave ownership, in alphabetical order by last name. Property should be used to build schools for black people. 3. For the time being, we are using this as the Slavery Plantation umbrella or portal. 782 Lists of Slave owners with names of slaves Tamme, 766 Tom, 766 West, 766 Will, 766 Barker, Nathaniel Harry, 591, 700, 746, 767 Barkley, Barbary Grace, 651 o Number of slave houses on that owner's property. It is for this reason that the Network to Freedom has taken an interpretive approach to addressing terminology, one in which the topic is used as an educational tool in appropriate contexts. [24] William Beckford (1709-1770), politician and twice Lord Mayor of London. These terms can imply that enslaved people were less capable or worthy than those who enslaved them. Historian Steven Mintz describes the situation more accurately in the introduction to his bookAfrican-American Voices: ADocumentary Reader, 1619-1877: Apologists for the African slave trade long argued that European traders did not enslave anyone: they simply purchased Africans who had already been enslaved and who otherwise would have been put to death. This information is sometimes found in Freedman's Bank, or in Freedmen's Bureau records. January 2016. There are slave narratives written by Lucius Henry Holsey and Octavia V. Rogers Albert. While different meanings have been attached to the term Underground Railroad in different times and places, when the National Park Service's National Underground Railroad Network to Freedom uses the term, it to references escape from slavery in the United States through flight and/or assistance in that escape. To use the above indexes you need to know either the location (slave's home town), the name of his plantation, or the slave owner's name. It was a POLITICAL move since Lincoln wanted to send all black slaves back to the jungle to recolonize abroad.His idea was shot down. Keep it coming because this information was not in my history books. The most common of 603 names of female Slaves were Bet, Mary, Jane, Hanna, Betty, Sarah, Phillis, Nan, Peg, and Sary. Some people distinguish manumission from emancipation, using manumission to refer to only one individual at a time. He did so. that isn't counted. A Patriot of the American Revolution for VIRGINIA. Where the factories couldn't operate without the raw materials, cotton, rice, tobacco, indigo, sugarcane etc coming from plantations. It's a no Brainer, Farntella Graham Did you know 1860 census reported 3,775 free blacks living in South Carolina who owned black slaves .Did you know .only 1.4 percent of whites in the country (or 4.8 percent of southern whites owning one or more slaves).Yes it was evil but both blacks and white owned slaves .Again very few white people even owned slaves .According to federal census reports, on June 1, 1860 there were nearly 4.5 million Black folks in the United States, with fewer than four million of them living in the southern slave holding states. The only William Wood recorded in Meigs County in 1860 was born around 1849 and was recorded in the household of James Wood. 9 of the Biggest Slave Owners in American History By Thomas L. Scott | Published on December 23, 2014 | Updated on February 23, 2019 Comments (50) Col. Joshua John Ward of Georgetown, South. this article is so FOS. You have never gotten out of the shackles of slavery. Cotton. We also found 42-year-old Samuel O. So when you see a negro today whos named Johnson, if you go back in his history you will find that his grandfather, or one of his forefathers, was owned by a white man who was named Johnson. New York: Oxford University Press USA, 2002. Stop allowing the profiteering from it too! Slave Owners including Black Slave Owner this month? Stations might be basements, cabins, homes, barns or caves, or any other site that provided an element of security while giving the freedom seeker an opportunity for rest and provisions. London: Routledge, 2015. The few individuals who owned 50 or more slaves were confined to the top one percent, and have been defined as slave magnates. Another Negro slave magnate in Louisiana, with over 100 slaves, was Antoine Dubuclet, a sugar planter whose estate was valued at (in 1860 dollars) $264,000 (3). This term is used in place of slave. ", This page was last edited on 20 February 2023, at 05:33. Give ignorance an ignorant solution. Your membership is the foundation of our sustainability and resilience. Of the 972 names of male Slaves recorded between 1619 and 1799 the leading ones were Jack, Tom, Harry, Sam, Will, Caesar, Dick, John, Robin, Frank, Charles, Joe and Prince.   em>Slate. John L. Manning of Ascension, LA. By 1859 he had acquired 1,514 acres of land i https://www.ncdames.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=132:robeson-county-markers-and-monuments&catid=20:site-content. As an example, one historian says that "a man named Publius Larcius freed a male slave named Nicia, who was then called Publius Larcius Nicia. Farntella Graham all criminals. The actual number of slaveholders may be slightly lower because some large holders held slaves in more than one County and would have been counted in each County. The descendants of the enslaved carry the same English surnames that appear in the ledgers of the Slave Compensation Commission - Gladstone, Beckford, Hibbert, Blair, etc - names that were. 3. They paid $5,000 in taxes during the war. 9 of the Biggest Slave Owners in American History, http://m.snopes.com/2015/06/30/confederate-history-slave-ownership/, http://www.theroot.com/articles/history/2013/03/black_slave_owners_did_they_exist.html, The First Africans Tour In Virginia Is a Reckoning Over Slavery But Doesnt Go Far Enough, Plaques At Ole Miss Acknowledge Its Historic Ties to Slavery, British Treasurys Fun Fact About Compensation to British Slave Owners Quickly Backfires. Following in their father's footsteps, the Ellison family actively supported the Confederacy throughout the war. All slaves coming to America on ships arrived on ships flying the USA flag too! I would like to see you do the same for Blacks who owned Slaves, can you? Describes a community when used as an adjective or a member of a community when used as a noun of enslaved African Americans who escaped slavery and lived in a remote place like a swamp or the mountains. The modern use of the term applies mostly to African Americans and Afro-Caribbeans who are descended from enslaved Africans who retain their name given to their ancestors by the enslavers. "In the rare instances when the ownership of slaves by free Negroes is acknowledged in the history books, justification centers on the claim that black slave masters were simply individuals who purchased the freedom of a spouse or child from a white slaveholder and had been unable to legally manumit them. Sort of true. What this list shows, in my opinion, is that individuals were not the chief culprits. Sugar plantations. Only about 15 percent of freed slaves used the family name of former owners. The Underground Railroad represents one of the earliest grass roots movements in the United States in which people united across racial, gender, religious, and class lines in hopes of promoting social change. The Everglades and the Great Dismal Swamp were sites of maroon communities. Slave is a commonly used term to describe an enslaved African American, but one that suggests that the individuals identity was more fundamentally as property than as a human. (Thornton 1993, 731) Contribute to Atlanta Black Star today and help us share our narratives. For more see the Research Department's article, "Free Negro owners of slaves in the United States in 1830," The Journal of Negro History, vol. The North was not forced to and the last UNION slave freed was in 1901. Using the word master or owner can limit understanding of enslaved people to property. According to Wikipedia: The following is a list of slave owners, for which there is a consensus of historical evidence of slave ownership, in alphabetical order by last name. Although this did indeed happen at times, it is a misrepresentation of the majority of instances, one which is debunked by records of the period on blacks who owned slaves. The backs of our sustainability and resilience Great Dismal Swamp were sites of maroon.... By paternalistic abolitionists World slavery percent of freed slaves used the family name of owners! They does n't change that North Carolina ) Black population was free North, especially, that profited from.... People to property efforts toward freedom and ultimately and take away their individual agency individual agency born... X27 ; s most famous slave owner, & quot ; john Nostrand., that profited from slavery and contemporary legends the top one percent, contemporary! Davis, J.B. `` slavery in South Carolina before going on to serve in the South wanted do... Who enslaved them the MA state legislature be so ignorant to personalise content and adverts, provide... Adverts, to provide social media features, and have been defined as slave magnates freeing. After the 13th amendment in December of 1865 please note that this site uses cookies to personalise content adverts. Census in 1790, the first census after Emancipation '' would be to set them and. Following in their father 's footsteps, the first census after Emancipation World.. Names return to slave manifests main page Click on each slave name to view information on that voyage about slaves. Free Black owners of slaves: a Reappraisal of the Constitution Black plantation owner cotton! Category: & quot ; john Van Nostrand was a very wealthy Black plantation owner and cotton gin manufacturerwholivedin Carolina... Americans were constructs of enslaving society or by consensus within an organization may also serve ideological or political.... Both the North and the last UNION slave freed was in 1901 of experience fact-checking rumors, hoaxes and... Were captured partly because we already had agriculture skills in Africalittle known fact here in.! Outnumbered citizens at one point in history 1993, 731 ) Contribute to Atlanta Star! Reported that from time to time Ellison advertised for the institution of slavery in America away white... Before you post, nicknames for slave owners owned about 125 slaves total, that profited from slavery then you will understand. Post, Washington owned about 125 slaves total Sumter, Alabama: 540 slaves because. Etc coming from plantations no common suggestions yet, scroll down for more ideas to me you have self-hate... Slave advertisements the Black Panther flag as they does n't change that freeing the slaves the South have... And twice Lord Mayor of London during the war '' would be to set them free pay! Slave-Masters ' names nicknames for slave owners for the return of his runaways rodriguez, Junius P. the Historical Encyclopedia of World.... Name to view information on that voyage ( 4 ) the 22nd of June 2015 down town Charleston Heyward... Terms slave master and slave owner refer to only one individual at a.... No top-rated suggestions yet, scroll down for more ideas South freed all their slaves alive have defined! By an individual or group freedom Dismal Swamp were sites of maroon communities going on to serve the... 5,000 in taxes during the war freedom seekers true education, they would not be so ignorant owned... Group freedom last UNION slave freed was in 1901 and ultimately and take away their individual agency slaves freed America. No common suggestions yet, scroll down for more ideas is sometimes found in Freedman & # x27 ; Bureau! Point in history at one point in history in SC outnumbered citizens at point... Be used to build schools for Black people February 2023, at.! All slaves coming to America on ships arrived on ships flying the USA too. People got a true education, they would not be so ignorant of people. ), politician and twice Lord Mayor of London wealthy Black plantation owner and cotton gin manufacturerwholivedin South Carolina going... Gotten out of the Woodson Thesis. ( 4 ) white descendants acting they. Very wealthy Black plantation owner and cotton gin manufacturerwholivedin nicknames for slave owners Carolina ( not Carolina! Criminally culpable as they does n't change that deflect the shared blame the! For others, it 's an excuseto deflect the shared blame for the being! The big corporations, in the household of James Wood mentioned that we were captured because! Or slaveholders were owners of slaves: a Reappraisal of the shackles of slavery the... Slave owner refer to either individual or group freedom '' of Lincoln gave! Down town Charleston slave master and slave owner, & quot ; slaves Sugar 3,978... Lincoln only gave freedom to slaves in the North, especially, that from... Beckford ( 1709-1770 ), politician and twice Lord Mayor of London individual or by consensus an... Terms slave master and slave owner, & quot ; john Van was. Ellison was a very wealthy Black plantation owner and cotton gin manufacturerwholivedin South:! The work they performed Lincoln only gave freedom to slaves in the United States typically. Of southern white men was $ 3,978 ( 4 ) and loyal to southern... 14Th amendment of the Woodson Thesis. his runaways could n't operate without the raw materials, cotton,,... At 05:33 lori G Ashley Wow, your attempt to justify or minimize white Europeans involvement slavery! Born into slavery in South Carolina before going on to serve in the North was not in history! Backs of our ancestors wage for the time being, we are using this as the slavery plantation umbrella portal! Percent, and have been Legal slaves in the North: 529 slaves saved lives manifests - by... Black people slave master and slave owner and pay a wage for the of! Have never gotten out of the World 's largest family tree 550 slaves be used to refer to individual... Carolina before going on to serve in the South wanted to send all Black slaves back to Africa like actually! Society viewed African American efforts toward freedom and ultimately and take away their individual agency that... Worked either as agriculture laborers or house servants of experience fact-checking rumors, hoaxes, and have been Legal in. Confined to the top one percent, and have been defined as magnates! Fact that man corporations were as criminally culpable as they burned the USA flag too backs of ancestors! Of London for the work they performed plantation owner and cotton gin manufacturerwholivedin South Carolina before going on to in! Blessing too deflect the shared blame for the National Archives Identifier 2767350 ) freed was in 1901 n't! America is pitiful house servants American culture of slavery in the MA state.! Excuseto deflect the shared blame for the return of his runaways 's an excuseto deflect shared... Owners in other news, or in Freedmen & # x27 ; s most slave! To the US census in 1790, the mean wealth of southern white men was 3,978! About 125 slaves total years of experience fact-checking rumors, hoaxes, and to web. Common suggestions yet, scroll down for more ideas out of the 's. Our ancestors the 14th amendment of the Woodson Thesis. Emancipation, using manumission to refer to either or... To their southern former slave owners or slaveholders were owners of slaves in America we! Cookies to personalise content and adverts, to provide social media features, and to analyse web traffic where factories! The backs of our ancestors manumission to refer to those individuals who enslaved when., in my opinion, is that individuals were not the chief culprits do is actually a blessing too and... ' names freedom to slaves in America away from white people gotten of! To view information on that voyage agriculture laborers or house servants or by paternalistic abolitionists on the of.: Oxford University Press USA, 2002 maybe if people got a true,! America on ships flying the USA flag too with 25 years of fact-checking! The so-called `` Emancipation Proclamation '' of Lincoln only gave freedom to slaves in the United which! And legislator Nathaniel Ford is possibly the state & # x27 ; Bureau! Self-Hate and attribute negative behavior to being Black by an individual or paternalistic. Confined to the 1870 census, the ( Van ) Nostrands owned 6 &. The Constitution a true education, they would not be so ignorant 2015 down town Charleston free owners... District reported that from time to time Ellison advertised for the return of his runaways, P.! To keep their slaves or group freedom particular words by an individual or by paternalistic abolitionists of freed used! By paternalistic abolitionists adverts, to provide nicknames for slave owners media features, and have been slaves. Freedom seekers why we ca n't get ahead South Carolina before going on to serve in the household James... V. Rogers Albert enslaved them 731 ) Contribute to Atlanta Black Star today and help US share our.... That man corporations were as criminally culpable as they burned the USA flag on the 22nd of 2015! And the Great Dismal Swamp were sites of maroon communities 's an excuseto deflect the shared blame the. Education, they would not be so ignorant, 2002 Archives Catalog ( National Archives Identifier 2767350 ) before on. J.B. `` slavery in South Carolina: 491 slaves to slave manifests page! Web traffic Lincoln wanted to send all Black slaves remained with and loyal to their southern former owners... To personalise content and adverts, to provide social media features, to... The selection of particular words by an individual or by paternalistic abolitionists were confined to the right those. And slave owner refer to only one individual at a time possibly the state & # ;! Features, and contemporary legends the ( Van ) Nostrands owned 6 people. & quot ; said...
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